FROG

FROG

Pulse Characterization with Frequency-resolved Optical Gating


Complete Pulse Characterization with the FROG Option available for pulseCheck Autocorrelators


pulseCheck and FROG Option

Second Harmonic Generation FROG is the most popular spectrometer-less frequency-resolved optical gate method. Most of APE’s pulseCheck autocorrelators optionally integrate FROG and enable complete pulse characterization. The addition of a dedicated nonlinear crystal module and special software opens the door to complete spectral and temporal pulse characterization. The FROG option allows the pulseCheck to measure the spectral and temporal bandwidth and phase with just a few adjustments to the autocorrelator.

The FROG Option consists of:

  • FROG crystal(s)
  • A plane FROG mirror
  • FROG measurement and retrieval software

Wavelength and Pulse Duration Coverage

Various interchangeable crystals guarantee coverage of wavelengths between 420 nm and 2200 nm. Pulse widths from 20 fs to 6 ps and a spectral resolution of up to 0.1 nm are possible. For each crystal, the software includes calibration data that allows the crystal to be tuned to a specific wavelength for phase matching. The frequency-resolved optical gating option is designed for laser repetition rates above 10 kHz and is available for the pulseCheck autocorrelator series.

FROG Pulse Characterization Software

The acquisition and retrieval software provides the laser pulse intensity as a function of time and frequency (wavelength). This is visualized in the form of the common FROG trace diagram. With the implemented phase matching tuning routine of the pulseCheck it is only a matter of seconds to automatically find the desired phase matching angle of the FROG crystal.

Specifications

The FROG option is an addon available for pulseCheck autocorrelators. Please note that for FROG measurements a laser repetition rate of at least 10 kHz is required.

FROG CrystalsWavelength RangeSpectral ResolutionPulse Width RangeSpectral Bandwidth
VIS-I-200420 ... 550 nm0.1 nm200 ... 6000 fs> 1 nm
VIS-I-50420 ... 550 nm0.3 nm50 ... 200 fs> 3 nm
VIS-I-20420 ... 550 nm1 nm20 ... 70 fs> 10 nm
VIS-II-150550 ... 700 nm0.1 nm150 ... 2000 fs> 1 nm
VIS-II-50550 ... 700 nm0.3 nm50 ... 200 fs> 3 nm
VIS-II-20550 ... 700 nm2 nm20 ... 60 fs> 20 nm
NIR-200700 ... 900 nm0.1 nm200 ... 5000 fs> 1 nm
NIR-50700 ... 900 nm0.2 nm50 ... 500 fs> 2 nm
NIR-20700 ... 900 nm3 nm20 ... 50 fs> 30 nm
IR-I-150900 ... 1200 nm0.2 nm150 ... 900 fs> 2 nm
IR-I-60900 ... 1200 nm1 nm60 ... 200 fs> 10 nm
IR-I-30900 ... 1200 nm5 nm30 ... 60 fs> 50 nm
IR-II-1001200 ... 1600 nm0.5 nm100 ... 700 fs> 5 nm
IR-II-501200 ... 1600 nm2 nm50 ... 100 fs> 20 nm
IR-II-301200 ... 1600 nm9 nm30 ... 50 fs> 90 nm
Ext. IR-I-501800 ... 2200 nm19 nm50 ... 200 fs> 190 nm
FROG crystal is suitable if "Pulse Width Range" matches or if pulses are longer the "Spectral Bandwidth" matches.

Datasheets & Brochures

APE FROG Rev. 4.1.2 (pdf / english)


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APE Angewandte Physik & Elektronik GmbH
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APE Angewandte Physik & Elektronik GmbH
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Fax: +49 30 986011333

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Related Product

Retrieving Spectral and Temporal Phase

With the software, a FROG trace can be retrieved iteratively directly after the trace has been recorded – or with a stored FROG trace. The raw measurement data are displayed in the “source frog trace” window of the software. The time and frequency axes are automatically scaled to meet the time to frequency ratio defined by the Fourier transformation. In addition, the software automatically optimizes all start parameters for the retrieval algorithm. Thus, in most cases no additional user input is required.


A comparison of Frequency-resolved Optical Gating (FROG) with Spectral Phase Interferometry for Direct Electric-field Reconstruction (Spider)

In comparison with other pulse characterization methods, FROG Frequency-resolved Optical Gating offers some differences. The following table gives some aspects that could be considered.

(SHG) FROG

  • Optical setup similar to an Autocorrelator scheme
  • Highly variable for different parameter ranges (pulse duration, wavelength)
  • Direct sampling in the time domain possible
  • Iterative fitting algorithm may make data interpretation more complex
  • Measure spectrally broadband pulses in single shot mode often not possible

Spider

  • Relatively complex setup
  • Direct measurement in the spectral domain (amplitude and phase)
  • Intrinsically single shot
  • Insensitive to intensity noise
  • Fast and direct reconstruction mathematics
  • Unambiguous in the sign of the chirp and time
  • Different parameter ranges often require an optimized single-setup